-
1 пивные дрожжи
2) Medicine: brewers yeast3) Engineering: brewer's yeast, brewing yeast4) Chemistry: beer yeast5) Gastronomy: brewers' yeast -
2 дрожжи
leaven, yeast* * *дро́жжи мн.
yeast; (для хлебопечения тж.) leavenвыра́щивать [получа́ть, производи́ть] дро́жжи — grow [farm] yeastразводи́ть дро́жжи — break up the yeastдро́жжи размножа́ются (в пита́тельной среде́) — yeast propagate (in a nutrient)верховы́е дро́жжи — top [surface] yeastвиноку́ренные дро́жжи — distillers' yeastкормовы́е дро́жжи — nutrient [dietary] yeastдро́жжи низово́го броже́ния — bottom yeastпе́карские дро́жжи — bakery [bakers'] yeastпивны́е дро́жжи — brewers' yeastпрессо́ванные дро́жжи — compressed yeast, yeast cakeдро́жжи с высо́кой броди́льной спосо́бностью — fast-working yeast* * * -
3 bira mayası
n. brewer's yeast* * *1. barm 2. brewers yeast 3. brewer's yeast -
4 خميرة البيرة
1) beer yeast 2) brewers yeast 3) brewer yeast 4) cerevisiae fermentum -
5 ølgjær
subst. brewers' yeast, barm -
6 пивные дрожжи
-
7 Macintosh, Charles
[br]b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.[br]As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823.Further ReadingG.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).T.Hancock, 1957, Narrative of the Indiarubber Manufacture, London.H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).RLH / LRD
См. также в других словарях:
brewers’ yeast — ● brew … Useful english dictionary
brewers' yeast — noun or brewer s yeast : a yeast used or suitable for use in brewing; specifically : the dried pulverized cells of a top yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used in medicine and as a dietary supplement as a source of B complex vitamins and of high… … Useful english dictionary
brewers' yeast — пивные дрожжи active dry yeast активные сушеные дрожжи dried live yeast активные сушеные дрожжи heat resistant yeast теплостойкие дрожжи yeast flocculence хлопьевидность дрожжей yeast food питательная среда для дрожжей … English-Russian travelling dictionary
Yeast — of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae Scientific classification Domain … Wikipedia
Yeast — A group of single celled fungi that reproduce by budding. Most yeast are harmless (some are used in baking and brewing). Yeast is commonly present on normal human skin and in areas of moisture, such as the mouth and vagina, usually without… … Medical dictionary
Nutritional yeast — from German natural food store Nutritional yeast is a deactivated yeast, usually Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[1] The scientific work of Louis Pasteur made it possible to isolate yeast in pure culture form … Wikipedia
bottom yeast — noun : a yeast that is present in the manufacture of wine and lager beer and that separates after fermentation on the bottom of the fermenting vessel * * * a yeast whose cells, in the manufacture of wine and lager beer, fall to the bottom as a… … Useful english dictionary
Baker's yeast — Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the yeast commonly used as baker s yeast. Gradation marks are 1 µm apart Baker s yeast is the common name for the strains of yeast commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where… … Wikipedia
Saccharomyces cerevisiae — brewers yeast or bakers yeast, a species with oval or spherical cells, used for alcoholic fermentation and leavening in bread; it occasionally causes lung disease … Medical dictionary
Beer in the United States — This article is about beer in the USA. For the documentary film, see American Beer (documentary). For the Fear album, see American Beer (album). Pint of American beer Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 1,700 breweries,[1]… … Wikipedia
Ale — For other uses, see Ale (disambiguation). Ale is a type of beer brewed from malted barley using a warm fermentation with a strain of brewers yeast.[1][2] The yeast will ferment the beer quickly, giving it a sweet, full bodied and fruity taste.… … Wikipedia